External factors (externalities) in production
Externalities - economic and noneconomic consequences arising in the external environment during the production of goods and services, but not reflected in the market prices of these goods and services. Examples of externalities include:
- deterioration of fishing conditions in a river as a result of operations by an upstream metallurgical plant;
- changes in the market value of residential homes or apartments due to the construction of a large industrial enterprise, shopping center, or metro station in close proximity to them;
- reduction of working capital of shippers and/or receivers of goods as a result of transport organizations implementing projects that increase the average speed of vehicles;
- increase in the income of agricultural enterprises when constructing new roads in rural areas (such an increase is achieved, for example, through reduced losses of transported fertilizers and agricultural products, as well as through faster delivery of harvested crops to elevators)
Source: "Methodological Recommendations for Assessing the Efficiency of Investment Projects" (approved by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of Russia, and the State Construction Committee of Russia on June 21, 1999 No. VK 477)
Морфология
Род
Понятие «внешние факторы (экстерналии) при производстве» мужского рода.
Склонение и число
| Падеж | Единственное число | Множественное число |
|---|---|---|
| Р | внешнего фактора (экстерналии) при производстве | внешних факторов (экстерналии) при производстве |
| Д | внешнему фактору (экстерналии) при производстве | внешним факторам (экстерналии) при производстве |
| В | внешний фактор (экстерналии) при производстве | внешние факторы (экстерналии) при производстве |
| Т | внешним фактором (экстерналии) при производстве | внешними факторами (экстерналии) при производстве |
| П | внешнем факторе (экстерналии) при производстве | внешних факторах (экстерналии) при производстве |