Encyclopedia
Closed-loop economy (CLE)
Closed-loop economy (CLE) is an economic system of production and consumption. The main principles of a closed-loop economy are:
- elimination or, as an alternative, minimization of waste and pollution,
- preservation of the value of products, materials, and resources within the economy for as long as possible,
- replacing the concept of «end-of-life» with the concept of «designing for regeneration and recovery»
- achieving goals in the area of sustainable development and reducing impact on the environment.
In essence, this means that for a CLE to be created, these aspects must be implemented at the level of individuals, projects, and member states. In practice, a CLE can be established by interested parties using a six-component approach («6R») encompassing multiple measures: reduction, reuse, repair, recovery, recycling, and resource recuperation:
- reduction: reduction of the amount of raw materials entering the system by excluding or rethinking the need for products and maximizing the use of materials and products already available on the market;
- reuse: an operation through which a product and material can be used again for the same purpose for which they were originally intended;
- repair: a product and material can be repaired and returned to their original form with additional energy, labor or material costs to ensure their integrity and usefulness over a longer period of time;
- recovery: the product is disassembled down to the component level and recovered with replacement of components in order to achieve similar or even better performance standards than those of a new product. This differs from refurbishment, where the product is maximally restored without necessarily disassembly and replacement of components;
- recycling: product or component is reduced to the level of raw material after removal of added value (labor or energy), so that part or all of the material can be recycled for production of new products and returning the material back into the economy;
- recovery: energy contained in non-recyclable waste or residues can be recovered through conversion of waste into energy or other (bio-)chemical processes, which allow avoiding disposal of waste to landfills[1].
Морфология
Род
Понятие «экономика замкнутого цикла (эзц)» женского рода.
Склонение и число
| Падеж | Единственное число | Множественное число |
|---|---|---|
| Р | экономики замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) | экономик замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) |
| Д | экономике замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) | экономикам замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) |
| В | экономику замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) | экономики замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) |
| Т | экономикой замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) | экономиками замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) |
| П | экономике замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) | экономиках замкнутого цикла (ЭЗЦ) |