Encyclopedia

Carbon compounds


1. Carbon monoxide (CO). A toxic colorless and odorless gas. Stored under pressure. Used as a reducing agent, inter alia, in metallurgy.

2. Carbon dioxide (CO2). Sometimes incorrectly referred to as "carbonic acid". Produced during the burning of coal, when heating limestone materials or during their treatment with acids.

It is a colorless gas, one and a half times heavier than air; it extinguishes combustion. Carbon dioxide can exist either in liquid form (under pressure in steel cylinders), or in solid form (in the form of compressed cubes in insulated containers, "carbon snow" or "dry ice").

Used in metallurgy, in sugar production and for carbonating beverages. In liquid form CO2 is used in brewing, for producing salicylic acid, in fire extinguishers and others. Solid CO2 is used as a cooling agent (down to -80 degrees C).

3. Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid) (HCN). It is produced by the action of sulfuric acid on a cyanide or by the interaction of a mixture of ammonia and hydrocarbons in the presence of catalysts.

Hydrogen cyanide is a very toxic colorless liquid with the odor of bitter almonds. It mixes with water, its density is less than that of water. It does not preserve well in diluted solutions or in the presence of impurities.

Hydrocyanic acid is used in organic synthesis (for example, for the production of acrylonitrile by reaction with acetylene) and as a means for destroying parasites.

4. Isocyanic acid, thiocyanic acid or fulminic acid

Source: "Explanations to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Russian Federation (Customs Tariff of the Russian Federation)" (prepared by the Federal Customs Service of Russia) (volume 1, sections I - VI, groups 1 - 29)

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