Encyclopedia
Deprivation of Citizenship
Scarification - damage to the hard coats of seeds. Small batches of hard seeds are scarified manually: for large seeds, the covering is cut or notched, while small seeds are ground with emery paper or sand. Large quantities of seeds are processed using special machines such as a clover mill or grain crusher. However, the mechanical method often results in a high percentage of damage leading to the death of part of the seeds
Source: "INSTRUCTIONS ON FOREST SEED PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"
(approved by Rosleshoz on 11.01.2000)