Right of ownership on natural resources
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- General Provisions
- Concept and Content of Property Rights over Natural Resources
- Forms of ownership of natural resources
General Provisions
Property rights in natural resources in Russia are a key element of legal regulation of relations in the field of nature use. It covers a set of legal norms regulating ownership, use and disposal of land, water, forests, minerals and other natural resources. In a subjective sense, this right is expressed in the entitlements of the owner to efficient use of resources, compliance with environmental standards and protection of the interests of the state and society.
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, land and natural resources may be in private, state, municipal, and other forms of ownership. Possession and use of them must be carried out without causing harm to the environment or infringing upon the rights of other persons. Citizens and organizations have the opportunity to freely dispose of their property, utilizing its beneficial properties, selling, transferring, or leasing it, provided that this does not contravene legislation.
Forms of ownership of natural resources include state, municipal, and private. State ownership is divided into federal and ownership by subjects of the Russian Federation, while private ownership includes ownership by physical and legal entities. Legislation establishes which land plots, subsoil resources, water objects, and forests may be in one or another form of ownership, as well as rules for their alienation and transfer between owners.
Special attention is paid to subsoil, water objects, forests, and animal world objects. Subsoil and the mineral resources contained within it are state-owned property and may be used under licenses. Water objects and forest areas are regulated depending on the category of land and forms of ownership, while objects of the animal world are under joint jurisdiction of the state and federal subjects, with citizens and organizations being able to acquire property rights to extracted resources in accordance with established procedures.
The efficiency of using property rights over natural resources depends not only on the presence of legal norms but also on their enforcement. A stable system of legislative acts and clear distribution of powers between levels of government create conditions for rational use of natural resources, environmental protection, and sustainable economic development. Such a legal basis ensures a balance of interests among the state, society, and owners of natural resources.
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