Legal regulation of management in the field of water use and protection

General Provisions

The legal regulation of management in the field of use and protection of water objects in the Russian Federation is aimed at preserving their qualitative condition, rational use and ensuring sustainable development of water resources. The main functions of management include establishing permissible impact standards on water objects, state water monitoring, maintaining the state water register, and conducting state supervision.

Setting permissible impact norms on water objects allows maintaining their quality at a level corresponding to legislative requirements. These norms are developed based on maximum allowable concentrations of chemical and radioactive substances, microorganisms, and other indicators. Their approval is carried out in accordance with the procedures established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the natural features of river basins and the purposeful use of water objects (article 35 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).

State Monitoring of Water Bodies represents a system of observations, assessment and forecasting of the condition of water bodies located in federal, regional, municipal ownership as well as in physical and legal entities. The monitoring is carried out in basin districts and includes observations on the quality and quantity of water, the state of water protection zones, riverbeds and banks, as well as hydraulic structures and water management systems. The obtained data

are processed, stored, and entered into the state water register, which ensures information support for water resource management (article 30 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation (ВК РФ)).

State Water Register is a systematic compilation of documented information on water objects, their use, water management systems, hydro-technical structures and protected zones. It ensures registration of water usage agreements, decisions on granting water objects for use and permits for special types of activities. Information from the register is classified as state information

informational resources and are provided to interested parties in open access, except for information with restricted access (Article 31 of the Federal Law No. 126-FZ on Communications).

State Supervision in the Field of Use and Protection of Water Objects is carried out by federal and regional executive authorities. It aims to prevent, detect, and eliminate violations of water resources legislation, as well as monitoring compliance with established standards. The criteria for classifying objects under supervision are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the corresponding lists

are approved by authorized executive authorities (Article 36 of the Federal Law on the Status of Military Personnel).

Thus, the legal regulation of water management in Russia is based on the principles of comprehensive monitoring, rational use, and protection of water resources, which ensures the sustainable development of ecosystems and guarantees the preservation of water for current and future generations.

Among the main functions of management in the field of water use and protection, the following can be identified: 1) development and establishment of permissible impact norms on water objects; 2) state monitoring of water objects; 3) maintenance of the state water register; 4) [state supervision in the field of use and protection of water objects](/enc/23272/ "Definition of the term «State supervision in the field of use and protection of water objects» in

of the legal encyclopedia").

Development and setting of permissible impact norms on water objects

Maintaining surface and groundwater in a condition complying with legislative requirements is ensured through the establishment and observance of permissible impact standards for water bodies. Permissible impact standards for water bodies are developed based on maximum permissible concentrations of chemical substances, radioactive materials, microorganisms, and other water quality indicators. The approval of permissible impact standards for water bodies is carried out in accordance with procedures established by the Government of the Russian Federation. [Количество](/enc/6291/ "Definition of the term «Количество» in legal...

"Reference materials" of substances and microorganisms contained in wastewater discharges, including drainage water, into water bodies must not exceed established norms of permissible impact on water bodies. Target water quality indicators for water bodies are developed by federal executive authorities authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation for each river basin or its part, taking into account the natural characteristics of the river basin and also considering the conditions of the intended use of water bodies located within the boundaries of the river basin. Target water quality indicators for water bodies are approved in

in the order established by the Government of the Russian Federation (Article 35 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

State monitoring of water bodies

According to Article 30 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, state water monitoring is a system of observations, assessment and forecasting of changes in the condition of water objects located in federal ownership, ownership of subjects of the Russian Federation, ownership of municipal formations, ownership of physical persons, legal entities. State water monitoring is part of state environmental monitoring (state monitoring of the environment). State water monitoring is carried out within the boundaries of basin districts taking into account the specifics

modes of water objects, their physical-geographical, morphometric and other characteristics. Organization and implementation of state monitoring of water objects are carried out by federal executive authorities authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, with the participation of authorized executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The procedure for conducting state monitoring of water objects is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

State monitoring of water bodies is carried out for the purposes: 1) timely detection and forecasting of the development of negative processes affecting water quality in water bodies and their condition, development and implementation of measures for preventing negative consequences of these processes; 2) assessing the effectiveness of implemented activities for protecting water bodies; 3)

informational support for management in the field of use and protection of water bodies, including for state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies.

State monitoring of water objects includes: 1) regular observations of the condition of water objects, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of water resources, as well as the regime of use of protected water zones; 2) collection, processing and storage of information obtained as a result of observations; 3) entering information obtained as a result of observations into the State Water Register; 4) assessment and

forecasting of changes in the state of water objects, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of water resources.

State monitoring of water objects consists of: 1) monitoring of surface water objects taking into account data from monitoring carried out during activities in the field of hydrometeorology and related areas; 2) monitoring of the condition of riverbeds and shores of water objects, as well as the condition of water protection zones; 3) monitoring of groundwater taking into account data from state monitoring of subsurface conditions; 4) observations of water management systems, including hydraulic structures, as well as volume of water during water consumption and discharge of water, including wastewater and (or) drainage water, into water objects.

Maintenance of the State Water Register

According to Article 31 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, the state water register is a systematic compilation of documented information about water objects belonging to federal ownership, ownership by subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal ownership, private ownership, and legal entity ownership, as well as their use, river basins, and basin districts. State registration is carried out in the state water register

agreements on water use, decisions on granting water objects for use, transfer of rights and obligations under agreements on water use, as well as termination of agreements on water use. The State Water Register is established for the purposes of information support for comprehensive use of water objects, targeted use of water objects, their protection, as well as for planning and development of measures to prevent negative impact and eliminate its consequences.

The state water register includes documented information: 1) on basin districts; 2) on river basins; 3) on water management areas; 4) on water objects located within the boundaries of river basins, including characteristics of the regime of water objects, their physical-geographical, morphometric and other features; 5) on water management systems; 6) on the use of water objects, including water consumption and discharge of water, including wastewater, into water objects; 7) on hydrotechnical and other structures located on water objects; 8) on water protection zones

and coastal protective zones, flood zones, inundation areas, and other areas with special usage conditions; 9) on decisions regarding granting water objects for use; 10) on water usage agreements; 12) on permits for disposal of seabed soil in seas or their separate parts; 13) on other documents upon which the right of ownership over water objects or the right to use water objects arises.

Collection and storage of documented information on groundwater objects are carried out in accordance with mineral resources legislation. Documented information of the state water register are classified as state information resources. Documented information of the state water register is open, except for information categorized by Russian Federation legislation as restricted access.

access

Within five working days, the authorized federal executive body of the Government of the Russian Federation provides the interested party with information from the state water register or in writing sends them a motivated refusal to provide such information. The refusal may be appealed by the interested party through judicial proceedings. Information on the allocation of water objects for use is published on the official website of the authorized body of the Government of the Russian Federation

The federal executive authority of the Russian Federation in the information and telecommunications network "Internet". Management of the state water register is carried out by the federal executive authority authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the procedures established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

State Supervision in the Field of Use and Protection of Water Objects

According to Article 36 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, state supervision in the field of use and protection of water objects is carried out by authorized federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation when they respectively carry out federal state environmental supervision and regional state environmental supervision in accordance with their competence, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the order established respectively by the Government of the Russian Federation and the highest executive body of state authority

subject of the Russian Federation.

Criteria for classifying objects as subject to federal state supervision in the field of water object use and protection and regional state supervision in the field of water object use and protection are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. Based on these criteria, federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation approve lists of objects subject respectively to federal state supervision in the field of water object use and protection and regional state supervision in the field of water object use and

protection of water objects.